Key Takeaways

• Top story: New research identifies overlapping brain patterns behind ADHD and autism symptoms.
• FDA review considers centanafadine as a potential new treatment for ADHD.
• AI-powered digital tools are expanding access to personalized ADHD support.
• Recent findings highlight early and frequent medication prescriptions in preschoolers with ADHD.
• What to watch: FDA’s decision on centanafadine could reshape ADHD treatment options.

Introduction

On 4 December 2025, new research identifying shared brain patterns between ADHD and autism symptoms leads today’s coverage of ADHD research and treatment developments. The FDA is reviewing centanafadine for potential approval, reflecting continued momentum in understanding neurodivergence and expanding effective, accessible care options for neurodivergent professionals and those who support them.

Top Story

Brain Patterns Link ADHD and Autism

Researchers at Stanford University have identified shared neural connectivity patterns between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), challenging the traditional view that these conditions are entirely separate. The study, published on 3 December 2025 in Nature Neuroscience, used advanced brain imaging techniques across 2,300 participants to map specific circuits involved in attention regulation, social cognition, and executive function. The findings reveal a neurobiological spectrum with overlapping patterns, rather than distinct conditions.

Dr. Rachel Martinez, the study’s lead author, stated that “these conditions exist on a continuum with shared underlying mechanisms, despite their different clinical presentations.” The research team identified three primary neural networks that show similar altered connectivity patterns in both ADHD and ASD, particularly in areas responsible for task switching and sensory information filtering.

The study helps explain why many individuals experience symptoms typical of both conditions and could change diagnostic approaches. Several participants exhibited “blended phenotypes” (symptom patterns that do not fit neatly into either diagnosis but share neurological foundations).

The research has immediate implications for clinical practice. There are now recommendations for more dimensional assessment approaches rather than strict categorical diagnoses. Several medical centers have announced plans to incorporate these findings into their evaluation protocols by early 2026.

Also Today

Treatment Innovations

FDA Review of Centanafadine Accelerated

The FDA has granted priority review status to centanafadine, a novel non-stimulant ADHD medication developed by Neurovance Therapeutics. The drug targets both dopamine and norepinephrine pathways while demonstrating fewer cardiovascular side effects than current stimulant options. Phase III clinical trials showed significant improvement in executive function and sustained attention, with minimal impact on sleep patterns.

Centanafadine may fill a critical treatment gap for the estimated 30% of adults with ADHD who do not respond adequately to existing medications. “We’re particularly encouraged by the cognitive flexibility improvements seen in working adults,” stated Dr. William Chen, Chief Medical Officer at Neurovance. A decision from the FDA is expected by 15 March 2026.

AI-Powered Digital Therapy Tools Show Promise

A new generation of AI-enhanced digital therapeutics for ADHD has demonstrated significant efficacy in a multi-site clinical trial conducted across 12 medical centers. The tools provide personalized cognitive training, real-time feedback, and adaptive scheduling assistance tailored to individual cognitive profiles. Results published in the Journal of Digital Health showed a 42% improvement in daily functioning metrics compared to standard behavioral interventions.

The digital platforms use machine learning algorithms to identify patterns in attention lapses and executive function challenges throughout the day. “These tools provide support exactly when and how users need it,” stated Dr. Sophia Williams from the Center for Neurodevelopmental Innovation, who led the implementation study. Insurance coverage for these digital therapeutics remains limited, but three major providers plan to begin partial reimbursement next quarter.

Concerns Over Medication Overuse in Preschoolers

A report from the American Academy of Pediatrics highlights increased ADHD medication prescriptions for children under five. An analysis of prescription data from 2022 to 2025 reveals a 28% increase in stimulant medications for preschoolers, despite limited long-term safety data for this age group.

The report emphasizes that behavioral interventions should remain first-line treatments for young children. “While medication can be appropriate in certain cases, we’re seeing prescriptions increasingly used as a first response rather than after behavioral approaches,” stated Dr. James Thompson, the committee chair. The findings have led to calls for stricter prescribing guidelines and expanded access to parent training programs and occupational therapy services.

What to Watch

The FDA’s advisory committee on centanafadine will meet on 12 January 2026, with public testimony sessions scheduled throughout the day. Patient advocacy groups and clinical specialists will present evidence regarding treatment gaps for adults with ADHD who cannot tolerate stimulant medications.

The International Neurodevelopmental Conditions Research Symposium will take place from 3 February to 5 February 2026 at Johns Hopkins University, featuring presentations on novel treatment approaches, including creative arts therapies. Registration opens 15 December 2025, with early discounts available for students and patient advocates.

The American Psychiatric Association will release updated ADHD treatment guidelines on 28 January 2026, incorporating research on neurodivergent-affirming approaches. The guidelines will address combined treatment modalities and the integration of digital therapeutics into clinical practice.

Conclusion

Current breakthroughs in ADHD research and treatment developments are reshaping understanding and management of neurodivergent conditions, highlighting shared neurological traits between ADHD and autism. As non-stimulant therapies and digital tools advance, both diagnostic and care options are expanding. What to watch: FDA centanafadine review on 12 January, APA guideline updates on 28 January, and research symposiums in early 2026.